热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 193-197.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.04.001

• 布鲁氏菌病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2021—2025年全国布鲁氏菌病流行特征与监测结果分析

李学嘉(), 肖瑛   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心鼠疫布氏菌病预防控制基地， 吉林白城 137000
  • 收稿日期:2026-07-01 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-09-29
  • 作者简介:李学嘉，男，本科，研究实习员，研究方向：布鲁氏菌病控制。E-mail: 406098111@163.com

Epidemiological characteristics and surveillance results of brucellosis in China from 2021 to 2025

LI Xuejia(), XIAO Ying   

  1. Base for Plague and Brucellosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baicheng 137000, Jilin Province, China
  • Received:2026-07-01 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-09-29

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摘要：

目的 分析全国布鲁氏菌病（简称布病）流行特征及监测点监测结果，为制定布病精准防控策略提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2021—2025年全国布病病例资料及突发公共卫生事件信息，同时收集布病重点人群的血清学筛查、畜间疫情监测数据，对全国布病的流行特征及监测结果进行描述分析。结果 2021—2025年全国共报告布病324 725例，2023年报告病例数与报告发病率均最高（70 439例，5.00/10万）。布病报告集中于3—8月（214 062例，占65.92%）。病例主要集中在内蒙古（83 503例）、新疆（34 770例）、甘肃（25 359例），占总报告病例数的44.23%。人群分布以男性为主（229 378例，占70.64%）；50~59岁年龄组居多（104 429例，占32.16%）；职业以农牧民为主（273 211例，占84.14%）。累计报告布病突发公共卫生事件328起，涉及病例963例，多发生于山东省（123起）。2021—2025年全国国家级监测点共监测重点人群303 218人，其中血清学阳性13 180人，阳性率4.35%；检疫羊13 273 730只，血清学阳性15 645只，阳性率0.12%；检疫牛2 448 935头，血清学阳性9 680头，阳性率0.40%；急性期患者病原学监测共培养20 441份，检出1 419株，菌株以羊种3型占比最高（343株，占24.17%）。结论 全国布病形势依然严峻，疫情呈现南北区域分化，以及职业、季节聚集性特征。需深化跨部门联防联控，实施南北差异化防控，落实季节性精准管控，强化畜间监测与实验室检测能力建设。

关键词: 布鲁氏菌病, 流行特征, 监测

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in China and the surveillance results from the sentinel sites, in order to provide a basis for formulating precise prevention and control strategies for this infection. Methods Data on brucellosis cases and public health emergencies from 2021 to 2025 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Additionally, serological screening data of brucellosis in key populations and epidemic monitoring data of livestock were collected. The epidemiological characteristics and monitoring results of brucellosis across the country were described and analyzed. Results A total of 324 725 cases of brucellosis were reported from 2021 to 2025. The number of cases and incidence rate in 2023 were the highest (70 439 cases, 5.00/100 000). Brucellosis was mainly reported from March to August (214 062 cases, accounting for 65.92%). The cases were mainly concentrated in Inner Mongolia (83 503 cases), Xinjiang (34 770 cases), and Gansu (25 359 cases), accounting for 44.23% of the total reported cases. The affected population was dominated by male (229 378 cases, 70.64%), and majority of the cases were involved in population aged 50-59 years (104 429 cases, 32.16%). The occupation was mainly associated with farmers and herders (273 211 cases, 84.14%). A total of 328 brucellosis-related public health emergencies were reported, which involved 963 cases, with most events reported in Shandong Province (123 events). From 2021 to 2025, a total of 303 218 key populations were monitored at national-level surveillance sites, among whom 13 180 were tested seropositive, with a positive rate of 4.35%. In total, 13 273 730 sheep were quarantined, which identified 15 645 seropositive cases (positive rate: 0.12%). Similarly, 2 448 935 cattle underwent quarantine, among which 9 680 were seropositive (positive rate: 0.40%). A total of 20 441 samples were cultured for etiological surveillance of acute?phase patients, from which 1 419 strains were isolated, the predominant species was sheep strain type 3 (343 strains, 24.17%). Conclusion The national brucellosis epidemic remains severe, characterized by north-south divergence as well as occupational and seasonal clustering. It is necessary to deepen cross-sectoral joint prevention and control, implement differentiated prevention and control strategies for the north and south regions, carry out seasonal precise control, and strengthen livestock-related surveillance and laboratory testing capacity building.

Key words: Brucellosis, Epidemiological characteristics, Surveillance

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