热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2021, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 160-163.

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2017—2020 年洛阳市土源性线虫病流动监测点人群感染情况分析

李云霞1,宁超群2,田利光2,李克伟1,曹玉红3,吕小雪3,梁栗源1   

  1. 1. 洛阳市疾病预防控制中心；2. 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心),国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室;3. 洛阳市嵩县疾病预防控制中心
  • 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-07-13
  • 作者简介:李云霞,女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:寄生虫病流行病学。E-mail:lyx1205@126.com; 宁超群,女,硕士在读,研究方向:寄生虫病流行病学。E-mail:38291@126.com 李云霞与宁超群同为第一作者

Analysis of soil-transmitted nematode infection in population in mobile surveillance sites of Luoyang City from 2017 to 2020

LI Yun-xia1,NING Chao-qun2,TIAN Li-guang2,LI Ke-wei1,CAO Yu-hong3,LÜ Xiao-xue3,LIANG Li-yuan1   

  1. 1. Luoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention；2. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology；3. Songxian County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-07-13

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摘要：

目的　了解洛阳市2017—2020 年人群土源性线虫的感染情况,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供参考依据。方法　按照《全国肝吸虫病和土源性线虫病监测方案(试行)》和《河南省土源性线虫病监测方案和实施细则》的要求,2017—2020 年在洛阳市伊川县、洛龙区等9 个县(区)设立河南省流动监测点,监测点以县(区)为单位按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5 个片区,每个片区抽取1 个乡镇的1 个行政村开展监测,每个行政村整群抽取3 周岁以上常住居民不少于200 人,每个监测点不少于1 000 人。收集被调查者粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪两检)检测粪便中土源性线虫虫卵并计算感染率,3~9 周岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫卵。采用改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检测监测点土壤蛔虫卵污染情况。结果　2017—2020 年共调查9 296 人,土源性线虫感染率为2. 48%(231/9 296),其中97. 40%(225/231)为蛲虫感染。蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫和蛲虫感染率分别为0. 04%(4/9 296),0. 01%(1/9 296),0. 01%(1/9 296)和2. 42%(225/9 296)。蛲虫感染率洛宁县最高,男女之间感染率差异无统计学意义。各年龄组蛲虫感染率差异具有统计学意义(χ 2 =49. 520,P<0. 05),3~10 岁年龄组感染率最高,其次为61 岁及以上年龄组。不同职业人群蛲虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ 2 = 27.734,P<0. 05),学龄前儿童及小学生感染率最高。随着文化程度的提高蛲虫感染率呈下降趋势(χ 2 = 30. 638,P<0. 05)。通过肛拭法和加藤厚涂片法检测出3~9 岁儿童蛲虫感染率分别为3. 95%(76/1 925)和4. 40%(89/2 021);加藤厚涂片法检测的3~9 岁儿童蛲虫感染率与9岁以上人群(1. 91%,136/7 275)差异具有统计学意义(χ 2 =41. 946,P<0. 05)。监测点土壤中检出受精蛔虫卵和未受精蛔虫卵,但检出率较低。结论　蛲虫为洛阳市土源性线虫病的主要感染虫种,洛宁县为蛲虫感染的重点地区,儿童和高龄人群蛲虫病防治为今后工作的重点。

关键词: 土源性线虫, 蛲虫, 监测, 洛阳市

Abstract:

Objective　To understand the endemic situation of soil-transmitted nematodes in Luoyang City from 2017 to 2020,so as to provide evidence for developing targeted prevention and control measures in local areas.Methods　In accordance with the requirements specified in the National Surveillance Program for Liver Fluke Diseases and Soil-transmitted Nematodes(Trial) and Surveillance Plan for Soil-transmitted Nematodes and Implementation Rules of Henan Province,we established mobile monitoring sites in the 9 counties(districts),including Yichuan County and Luolong District,under administration of Luoyang City from 2017 to 2020. Each monitoring site in individual county/ district was divided into 5 areas by geographical location(east,west,south,north and middle areas),where one administrative village was selected from a township to undergo surveillance. In addition,no less than 200 permanent residents aged over 3 years were annually included by cluster sampling from each administrative village,and totally no less than 1 000 people were included from each surveillance site. Fecal samples were collected from all participants,and examined for the egg count of soil-transmitted nematodes using modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique(one sample for two smears). Children aged between 3 and 9 years old were given additional detection of the eggs of pinworm by anal swab test with cellophane tape. The roundworm eggs in the soil samples were detected and counted using the saturated sodium nitrate solution floatation method.Results　A total of 9 296 people were surveyed from 2017 to 2020. The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 2. 48% (231/9 296),in which pinworm infection was 97. 40%(225/231). The infection rate was 0. 04% (4/9 296),0. 01 % (1/9 296),0. 01%(1/9 296) and 2. 42% (225/9 296),respectively for roundworm,hookworm,whipworm and pinworm,and the highest infection with pinworm was seen in population in Luoning Country. There was no statistical difference in infection between males and females,yet the difference was significant in pinworm infection in different age groups(χ 2 = 49. 520,P<0. 05), with the highest in children aged between 3 and 10 years old,followed by population over 60 years. The infection rate of pinworm was statistically significant in people with diverse occupations(χ 2 = 27. 734,P<0. 05),and the highest in preschool children and elementary students. Infection with pinworm tended to decline in population with increased level of education(χ 2 =30. 638,P<0. 05). Anal swab and modified Kato-Katz thick smear tests respectively revealed infection rate of pinworm being 3. 95% (76/1 925) and 4. 40% (89/2 021) in children between 3 and 9 years old,and additional modified Kato-Katz thick smear test demonstrated that the infection with pinworm was 1. 91%(136/7 275) in children aged from 3 to 9 and over 9 years old. The difference was significant (χ 2 =41. 946,P<0. 001). Fertilized and unfertilized eggs of roundworm were detected in the soils sampled from the monitoring sites,yet the detected rate was low.Conclusion　pinworm is the dominant species of soil-transmitted nematode diseases in population in Luoyang City,and affects the most in residents in Luoning County. Children and the aged should be the key population in following prevention and control of soil-transmitted nematodes.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematode, Pinworm, Surveillance, Luoyang City

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