Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and surveillance results of animal host in Anhui Province, 2019-2023

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Anhui Province for reference basis for prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods The data of HFRS cases reported in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method for identifying the epidemiological characteristics. Circular distribution method was used to analyze the seasonal characteristics. Monitoring sites in Anhui Province were selected to monitor the rodent vectors, and night-trap method was used to identify the rodent density. Hantavirus antigens were detected by direct immunofluorescence test. Results From 2019 to 2023, a total of 808 HFRS cases and 6 deaths were reported in Anhui Province, with an annual average incidence of 0.262 4/100 000. The case fatality rate was 0.74%. HFRS was reported in 16 cities and municipal administrations in Anhui Province from 2019 through 2023. The top 3 cities in terms of the number of incidence cases were Xuancheng City (227 cases), Chuzhou City (69 cases) and Lu’an City (69 cases), and Fuyang City (59 cases). The ratio of male cases to female cases was 3.17∶1. The infection was most seen in patients aged 50-59 years (27.97%), and in farmers by occupation (73.89%). The time of onset of HFRS cases in 2019-2023 was characterized by a spring/summer peak in April-June (31.31%，253/808) and a fall/winter peak in November-January of the following year (42.08%, 340/808). Circular distribution method analysis showed that the peak days of incidence in fall and winter (main peak) and spring and summer (sub-peak) were December 8 and May 14, respectively, and the peak periods were November 1-January 15 and April 4-June 25, respectively. Between 2019 and 2023, a total of 93 543 rat traps were placed in the 7 monitoring sites, and 2 623 rodents were captured. The average density was 2.80%. A total of 2 147 rodent lung specimens were tested, in which the positive antigens were detected in 66 specimens. The average virus carrying was 3.07% (66/2 147) for the rats. Conclusion There is an overall decreasing trend in the incidence of HFRS in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2023, yet the potential for HERS outbreaks still exists, and the time of incidence is obviously in seasonal fashion. The findings suggest that all preventive and control measures should be decided and implemented as early as possible before the peak period to effectively control the epidemic of HFRS.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Epidemiological characteristics, Animal host, Monitoring, Circular distribution method

CLC Number:

R512.8，R181.3

DAI Yanni, LI Qing, CHU Xiujie, YUAN Yuan, SUN Yong, GONG Lei. Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and surveillance results of animal host in Anhui Province, 2019-2023[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2024, 22(3): 152-156.

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年份	发病数（例）	死亡数（例）	发病率（/10万）	病死率（%）
2019	253	4	0.420 6	1.58
2020	180	1	0.282 8	0.56
2021	183	0	0.295 0	0
2022	91	1	0.148 9	1.10
2023	101	0	0.164 8	0
合计	808	6	0.262 4	0.74

时间	病例数（例）	x	y	r	$α ˉ$ （°）	s（°）	高峰日	高峰期
春夏季（3—8月）	364	0.18	0.75	0.77	76.32	41.67	5月14日	4月4日—6月25日
秋冬季（9月—次年2月）	444	0.21	?0.77	0.80	284.97	38.39	12月8日	11月1日—次年1月15日

月份	月中位角α （°）	月发病数f（例）	sin α	cos α	fsin α	fcos α
3	15.29	59	0.26	0.96	15.56	56.91
4	45.37	72	0.71	0.70	51.24	50.58
5	75.45	92	0.97	0.25	89.05	23.11
6	105.53	89	0.96	?0.27	85.75	?23.84
7	135.62	38	0.70	?0.71	26.58	?27.16
8	166.19	14	0.24	?0.97	3.34	?13.60
9	196.27	11	?0.28	?0.96	?3.08	?10.56
10	226.36	42	?0.72	?0.69	?30.39	?28.99
11	256.44	124	?0.97	?0.23	?120.54	?29.08
12	286.52	106	?0.96	0.28	?101.62	30.14
1	317.10	110	?0.68	0.73	?74.89	80.57
2	346.19	51	?0.24	0.97	?12.17	49.53

年份	布夹数（夹·次）	捕鼠数（只）	鼠密度（%）	检测鼠肺（份）	阳性数（份）	带病毒率（%）
2019	14 031	485	3.46	291	13	4.47
2020	15 248	553	3.63
2021	18 292	657	3.59	616	4	0.65
2022	15 108	502	3.32	456	9	1.97
2023	30 864	426	1.38	784	40	5.10
合计	93 543	2 623	2.80	2 147	66	3.07

年份	居民区								野外
年份	布夹数（夹·次）	捕鼠数（只）	鼠密度（%）	大家鼠（只）	褐家鼠（只）	小家鼠（只）	黑线姬鼠（只）	其他（只）	布夹数（夹·次）	捕鼠数（只）	鼠密度（%）	黑线姬鼠（只）	小家鼠（只）	褐家鼠（只）	鼩鼱（只）	其他（只）
2019	6 165	139	2.25	0	10	113	0	16	7 866	346	4.40	270	28	18	11	19
2020	6 922	172	2.48	148	12	2	1	9	8 326	381	4.58	314	9	43	15	0
2021	6 702	168	2.51	117	24	19	0	8	11 590	489	4.22	353	88	20	13	15
2022	6 539	201	3.07	0	169	12	10	10	8 569	301	3.51	265	15	14	2	5
2023	10 389	159	1.53	0	18	36	98	7	20 475	267	1.30	216	24	14	3	10
合计	36 717	839	2.37	265	233	182	109	50	56 826	1 784	3.60	1 418	164	109	44	49