我国输入性锥虫病与新发锥虫病的防控与思考

doi:10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锥虫病是一种罕见的被忽视的热带病。我国并非人类锥虫病流行区，但近年来我国报道了多例输入性锥虫病和本地感染的动物源性锥虫病病例。随着美洲锥虫病的全球扩散，以及动物锥虫病的外溢，锥虫病逐渐成为不容忽视的公共卫生问题。本文概述了感染人的主要锥虫病以及我国多例锥虫病病例的诊疗过程，同时对近年来我国围绕锥虫病开展的相关工作进行梳理，以期为我国锥虫病的防控提供参考。

关键词: 锥虫病, 输入性病例, 本地病例, 诊断, 治疗, 防控

Abstract:

Trypanosomiasis is a rare neglected tropical disease. China is beyond the endemic region for human trypanosomiasis. Nevertheless, multiple cases of imported human trypanosomiasis and locally acquired animal-borne trypanosomiasis have been reported in China in recent years. With the spread of American trypanosomiasis worldwide and cross-species infection of animal trypanosomiasis, trypanosomiasis is gradually becoming a non-negligible public health concern. This article provides an overview of the major human trypanosomiasis and the diagnosis and treatment processes of cases of imported and emerging trypanosomiasis in China, as well as a review of recent efforts to combat trypanosomiasis in China, aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and control of trypanosomiasis.

Key words: Trypanosomiasis, Imported case, Local case, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and control

中图分类号:

R531.9

黄立荣, 沈永, 吴迪, 刘琴. 我国输入性锥虫病与新发锥虫病的防控与思考[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2026, 24(1): 1-6.

HUANG Lirong, SHEN Yong, WU Di, LIU Qin. Prevention, control and reflections on the imported and emerging trypanosomiasis in China[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2026, 24(1): 1-6.

图/表 1

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锥虫虫种	可能的传播媒介	参考治疗药物
狄氏锥虫（T. doinisii)	蝙蝠臭虫、革螨	苯硝唑
路氏锥虫（T. lewisi）	鼠蚤	苏拉明、庆大霉素、两性霉素B、头孢曲松、喷他脒、阿米卡星、美拉胂醇和泼尼松龙
伊氏锥虫（T. evansi）	虻类、马蝇	苏拉明、双氢青蒿素-哌喹、两性霉素B
布氏锥虫布氏亚种（T. b. brucei）	采采蝇	苏拉明
刚果锥虫（T. congolense）	采采蝇	喷他脒
活泼锥虫（T. vivax）	采采蝇	二脒那秦乙酰甘氨酸盐、氯化异甲咪胺、菲啶类药物