热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 229-234.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.04.007

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2023年长沙市水痘流行特征与传播动力学分析

赵锦(), 周银柱, 邱劲松, 陈水连()   

  1. 长沙市疾病预防控制中心湖南长沙 410000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-09-19
  • 通信作者: 陈水连,E-mail: 540432722@qq.com
  • 作者简介:赵锦,男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:传染病预防控制。E-mail: 374908079@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ9547);湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ80516);长沙市自然科学基金(kq2403184);北大-默沙东传染病防控技术联合实验室医学创新基金(10001202421)

Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of varicella in Changsha City from 2014 to 2023

ZHAO Jin(), ZHOU Yinzhu, QIU Jinsong, CHEN Shuilian()   

  1. Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2024-12-18 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-09-19
  • Contact: CHEN Shuilian, E-mail: 540432722@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析长沙市水痘流行特征和传播动力学,为水痘防控提供参考依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2014—2023年长沙市水痘病例信息,对水痘病例的三间分布进行描述性分析。采用Joinpiont回归模型对发病趋势进行分析,使用SEIR模型进行传播动力学分析。结果 2014—2023年,长沙市累计报告74 146例水痘病例,年均报告发病率为87.57/10万。2014—2018年报告发病率呈上升趋势(APC=24.07%,t=2.71,P=0.042);2018—2023年报告发病率呈下降趋势(APC=-23.79%,t=-4.98,P=0.004)。每年10月—次年1月为发病主高峰(38 268例,占51.61%),4—7月是次高峰(23 551例,占31.76%)。中心城区年均报告发病率(85.34/10万)低于周边县(市)(90.31/10万)。病例主要集中于0~14岁年龄段(55 894例,占75.38%);男性年均报告发病率(91.18/10万)高于女性(83.77/10万);不同职业中,学生病例数最多(36 555例,占49.30%),其后为幼托儿童(16 811例,占22.67%)和散居儿童(10 317例,占13.91%)。小学是水痘暴发疫情主要发生场所(75起,占76.53%)。日均Rt最高的年份为2023年(1.124),最低为2022年(0.990);疫情上升阶段日均Rt为1.548,下降阶段日均Rt为0.672。结论 长沙市水痘依然存在高位流行的风险。为进一步阻断水痘流行,需要在学校广泛开展健康教育,提高水痘疫苗接种率。

关键词: 水痘, 流行特征, Joinpoint回归分析, 传播动力学模型, 长沙市

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of varicella in Changsha area for evidences in following prevention and control of this infection. Methods The case data on varicella registered in Changsha area from 2014 to 2023 were obtained through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and descriptively analyzed regarding the temporal, regional, and population distribution. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze incidence trends, and the SEIR model was applied for analysis of the transmission dynamics. Results A total of 74 146 varicella cases were reported in Changsha are from 2014 to 2023. The average annual incidence rate was 87.57 per 100 000 population. From 2014 to 2018, the incidence showed an upward trend, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 24.07% (t=2.71, P=0.042), followed by a downward trend from 2018 to 2023 (APC=-23.79%, t=-4.98, P=0.004). The main peak for the infection occurred from October to January (38 268 cases, 51.61%) and the secondary peak emerged between April and July (23 551 cases, 31.76%). The average annual reported incidence rate was lower in central urban area (85.34/100 000) than that in surrounding counties (cities) (90.31/100 000). The cases were dominated by population in the 0-14 age group (55 894 cases, 75.38%), and the average annual reported incidence rate was higher in males than in females (91.18/100 000 vs. 83.77/100 000). Occupational distribution indicated that school students (36 555 cases, 49.30%), children in kindergartens (16 811 cases, 22.67%) and those living at home (10 317 cases, 13.91%) were the most affected groups. Primary schools were the major outbreak settings (75 events, 76.53%). The mean daily reproduction number (Rt) during epidemic peaks was 1.548 (ascending phase) and 0.672 (descending phase), with the highest annual mean daily Rt observed in 2023 (1.124) and the lowest in 2022 (0.990). Conclusion Varicella incidence in Changsha area still remains at risk of high endemicity. In order to mitigate transmission, we recommend that comprehensive health education in schools and increased varicella vaccination coverage are urgently needed.

Key words: Varicella, Epidemiological characteristics, Joinpoint regression analysis, Transmission dynamics model, Changsha city

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