热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 75-80.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.02.003

• 手足口病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2024年四川省手足口病流行病学和病原学特征分析

刘雅琼1,2(), 杜彦历1, 马小珍1, 童文彬1, 刘伦光1, 袁珩1()   

  1. 1.四川省疾病预防控制中心，四川成都 610041
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心现场流行病学培训项目
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-03
  • 通信作者: 袁珩，E-mail: 447843610@qq.com
  • 作者简介:刘雅琼，女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：传染病预防控制。E-mail: lyq1119dh@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央补助重大疾病与健康危害因素监测项目(川财社〔2020〕208号);2024年全国重点传染病及病媒生物监测项目

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Sichuan Province, 2020-2024

LIU Yaqiong1,2(), DU Yanli1, MA Xiaozhen1, TONG Wenbin1, LIU Lunguang1, YUAN Heng1()   

  1. 1. Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
    2. Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2025-03-10 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-03
  • Contact: YUAN Heng, E-mail: 447843610@qq.com

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摘要：

目的 分析四川省手足口病流行病学与病原学特征，为科学防控提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2020—2024年四川省手足口病资料，收集四川省各地疾病预防控制中心手足口病样本的病原学监测数据，采用描述流行病学方法分析流行特征，利用季节指数分析季节分布特征。结果 2020—2024年，四川省累计报告手足口病病例351 617例，年均发病率为84.01/10万，其中重症病例161例，死亡病例1例。男、女报告病例数分别为201 178例和150 439例，性别比为1.34∶1；报告发病率分别为95.23/10万和72.55/10万。5岁以下儿童是主要人群（299 509例，占85.18%），1岁组发病率最高（2 891.03/10万）。报告病例总体以散居儿童为主（191 123例，占54.36%），学生病例占比逐年增加，2024年达到12.02%。季节分布上，2021和2023年发病呈双峰分布，其余年份呈单峰分布；季节指数分析显示总体发病高峰是5—7月和10—11月。地区分布上，各市（州）的年均报告发病率为22.11/10万~124.69/10万，年均发病率居前3位的市（州）依次为成都市（124.69/10万）、攀枝花市（110.54/10万）、雅安市（108.62/10万）。病原学分布上，除2024年优势病原体为柯萨奇病毒A16型（CVA16）外，其余年份均以其他肠道病毒为主。重症（含死亡）病例主要集中在<3岁年龄组（135例，占83.33%），主要病原体为其他肠道病毒（占84.17%，101/120）。结论 四川省手足口病在夏季和秋季高发，发病及发生重症的重点人群均为低龄婴幼儿，主要病原体为其他肠道病毒，相关部门应在高发季节针对重点人群做好防控工作。

关键词: 手足口病, 流行病学, 肠道病毒, 柯萨奇病毒, 四川省

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Sichuan Province for evidences for scientific prevention and control of this infection. Methods The case data of HFMD in Sichuan Province registered in the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System were retrieved from 2020 to 2024, and the pathological testing results of HFMD samples were collected from local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in Sichuan. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, and the seasonal distribution patterns were examined via seasonal index analysis. Results From 2020 to 2024, a cumulative total of 351 617 HFMD cases were reported in Sichuan Province, with an average annual incidence rate of 84.01/100 000. Of the reported cases, there were 161 severe cases and one death. Male and female cases numbered 201 178 and 150 439, respectively, with a sex ratio of 1.34∶1. The incidence rates for men and women were 95.23 and 72.55 per 100 000 population, respectively. Children under five years old constituted the majority of cases (299 509 cases, 85.18%), with the highest incidence rate observed in one-year-olds (2 891.03/100 000). Most cases occurred among children in home-based care (191 123 cases, 54.36%), though the proportion of student cases increased annually, reaching 12.02% by 2024. Seasonal analysis indicated bimodal incidence peaks in 2021 and 2023 and unimodal peaks in other years, with overall seasonal indices indicating elevated transmission from May to July and October to November. Geographically, annual incidence rates across prefectures ranged from 22.11 to 124.69 per 100 000 population, with the highest rates in Chengdu City (124.69/100 000), Panzhihua City (110.54/100 000), and Ya’an City (108.62/100 000). Pathogen distribution showed dominance by other enteroviruses in all years except 2024, when coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) prevailed. Severe cases (including fatal) were most seen in children under three years old (135 cases, 83.33%), for which other enteroviruses were responsible (84.17%, 101/120). Conclusion HFMD in Sichuan Province peaks during summer and autumn, predominantly affecting infants and young children, with other enteroviruses as the leading pathogens. Our findings suggest that targeted prevention and control measures should prioritize high-risk populations during the peak seasons.

Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease, Epidemiology, Enteroviruses, Coxsackievirus, Sichuan Province

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