热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 70-74,80.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.02.002

• 手足口病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2024年云南省手足口病再感染病例的流行特征及风险因素分析

李则颖(), 林燕, 贾豫晨, 黄甜, 郑尔达, 沈秀莲, 陈莉华, 何继波()   

  1. 云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明 650500
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-06 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-03
  • 通信作者: 何继波,E-mail: ynhejibo@163.com
  • 作者简介:李则颖,女,硕士,医师,研究方向:传染病控制。E-mail: superz1212@163.com

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of reinfection cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in Yunnan Province, 2020-2024

LI Zeying(), LIN Yan, JIA Yuchen, HUANG Tian, ZHENG Erda, SHENG Xiulian, CHEN Lihua, HE Jibo()   

  1. Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2025-03-06 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-03
  • Contact: HE Jibo, E-mail: ynhejibo@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解云南省手足口病再感染病例的流行特征和风险因素,为云南省手足口病再感染防控提供科学依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2020—2024年云南省手足口病病例信息,采用描述流行病学方法分析再感染病例的流行病学特征;采用Kaplan-Meier法估算手足口病病例再感染的累积风险并通过Cox比例风险回归模型分析再感染风险因素。结果 2020—2024年云南省累计报告手足口病再感染病例12 191例,再感染率为5.69%;发病高峰为6—7月和10—11月;不同人群中,男性(5.96%)、<3岁人群(8.00%)、散居儿童(7.49%)、实验室确诊病例(6.19%)、感染其他肠道病毒(7.12%)和首次感染为重症的病例(9.87%)再感染率较高;病例的再感染时间间隔中位数为14(9,23)月。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,手足口病病例在首次感染后20个月内再感染风险呈快速上升趋势;Cox比例风险回归模型显示,男性[HR=1.149,95%CI:(1.108,1.191)]、<3岁人群[HR=1.665,95%CI:(1.570,1.766)]、城市地区居住[HR=1.064,95%CI:(1.027,1.103)]、散居儿童和幼托儿童[HR=5.251,95%CI:(4.410,6.251);HR=4.326,95%CI:(3.653,5.123)]、实验室确诊病例[HR=1.276,95%CI:(1.209,1.346)]、首次感染为重症[HR=1.502,95%CI:(1.050,2.149)]的病例出现手足口病再感染的风险更高。结论 云南省手足口病再感染的发病高峰主要在夏季和秋季,男性、城市地区居住、低龄儿童、首次感染为重症的病例手足口病再感染风险更高,建议相关部门在流行高峰来临前对上述人群采取针对性的干预措施,降低手足口病的再感染率。

关键词: 手足口病, 再感染病例, 流行特征, Cox比例风险回归模型, 云南省

Abstract:

Objective To characterize the epidemiological features of recurrent hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases in Yunnan Province and identify risk factors of reinfection for scientific evidence in prevention and control of HFMD reinfection. Methods The case data on HFMD reported in Yunnan Province between 2020 and 2024 were retrieved via the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Epidemiological characteristics of the reinfection cases were analyzed using descriptive epidemiology. Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to estimate the cumulative risk of HFMD reinfection, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to analyze the risk factors for reinfection. Results A total of 12 191 HFMD reinfection cases were reported in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2024, with a reinfection rate of 5.69%. The incidence peaked in June-July and October-November. By subgroups, higher reinfection rates were observed in males (5.96%), children aged <3 years (8.00%), home-based children (7.49%), laboratory-confirmed cases (6.19%), cases infected with other enteroviruses (7.12%), and cases with severe initial infections (9.87%). The median interval between infections was 14 (9-23) months. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated a rapid increase in reinfection risk within 20 months after the initial infection. Cox regression analysis revealed that the reinfection risks were higher for males [HR=1.149, 95%CI:(1.108, 1.191)], children aged <3 years [HR = 1.665, 95%CI:(1.570, 1.766)], urban residents [HR=1.064, 95% CI:(1.027, 1.103)], home-based children and childcare attendees [HR=5.251, 95%CI:(4.410, 6.251); HR=4.326, 95%CI:(3.653, 5.123)], laboratory-confirmed cases [HR=1.276, 95%CI:(1.209, 1.346)], and cases with severe initial infections [HR=1.502, 95%CI:(1.050, 2.149)]. Conclusion HFMD reinfection in Yunnan Province peaks in summer and autumn. Higher reinfection risks are associated with males, urban residents, young children, and severe initial infections, for which targeted interventions for these high-risk groups before epidemic peaks are recommended to reduce HFMD reinfection rates.

Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease, Reinfection cases, Epidemiological characteristics, Cox proportional hazards regression model, Yunnan Province

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