Abstract: Objective To analyze the treatment outcome and influencing factors in rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis （RR-PTB） patients in Chongqing area for evidence for local tuberculosis prevention and control. Methods The medical record information of RR-PTB cases registered in Chongqing from 2018 to 2022 was retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the registration, treatment inclusion and treatment outcome of RR-PTB patients, and logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the influencing factors associated with successful treatment. Results In total, 3 925 RR-PTB patients were registered in Chongqing from 2018 to 2022. Of RR-PTB cases, 2 876 were males and 1 049 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.74∶1. The average age was (46.99±17.63) years. Majority of the patients were farmers, homemakers and unemployed persons, who accounted for 37.32% (1 465/3 925) and 36.84% (1 446/3 925) respectively. The Han ethnicity was predominant, accounting for 91.11% (3 576/3 925). During 2018 and 2022, the RR-PTB patient registration rate was 2.50 per 100 000 population, the treatment enrollment rate, successful treatment rate among enrolled patients were 94.32% (3 702/3 925) and 64.72% (2 396/3 702), respectively. The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that among RR-PTB patients, being female (OR=1.701, 95%CI: 1.420-2.037), living in the Wuling mountain area of southeast Chongqing (OR=1.454, 95%CI: 1.172-1.804), and having the initial diagnosis at a drug-resistant tuberculosis designated medical institution (OR=1.473, 95%CI: 1.263-1.718) were protective factors for successful treatment. Age groups of 45-54 years old, 55-64 years old, and ≥65 years old (OR=0.569, 95%CI: 0.413-0.784; OR=0.343, 95%CI: 0.247-0.475; OR=0.182, 95%CI: 0.130-0.253), and occupations of homemakers and unemployed persons, farmers, and others (OR=0.270, 95%CI: 0.151-0.485; OR=0.281, 95%CI: 0.155-0.511; OR=0.328, 95%CI: 0.179-0.599) were risk factors for successful treatment. Conclusion The RR-PTB epidemic situation in Chongqing still faces severe challenges. The success rate of treatment needs to be further enhanced. It is suggested to optimize the screening process for drug resistance and the referral procedures among diagnosis and treatment institutions, with a focus on farmers, men, and middle-aged and elderly individuals.

Key words: Rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, Treatment outcomes, Influencing factors, Chongqing Municipality