Abstract: Objective To analyze the endemic status of schistosomiasis in 2018 and epidemiological trend of this disease in the past years in Anhui Province. Methods The data on schistosomiasis prevalence and control were collected and an- alyzed in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2018. Results By the end of 2018, among 50 counties endemic for Schistomiasis japonica distributed in 9 cities in Anhui, 27,13 and 10 counties had reached the criteria of transmission control, transmission interruption and elimination, respectively. In 2018, 2. 147 million people were screened by inquiring investigation, 0. 989 million people by blood tests and 0. 127 million by stool examination, which revealed positive results in 470 689, 11 759 and 0, respectively. It was estimated that 5 890 people were infected by schistosome, including chronic cases estimated in 538 and advanced cases in 5 352. No acute cases were reported. The mean infection rate was 0. 08% in human. In the 26 470 bovines being raised in endemic areas, 528 bovines were screened by blood test, and 12 992 by stool test. No infection was found. The snail survey covered an area of 84 365. 2 hm² , and snails were found in an area of 20 269. 3 hm² , including 15. 0 hm² with newly emerging snails and 45. 9 hm² with reemerging snails. No infected snails were found. A total of 10 763. 8 hm² area with snail was controlled by using molluscicides, and 137. 4 hm² with snails were eradicated. The area infested with Oncomelania hupensis snails was 26 434. 0 hm² in the end of 2018. The data of 50 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites showed that no population or livestock infection in 2018, the rate of frame and the density of living snail was 11.2% , 0. 38/0.11 m² , respectively. A remarkable decline was found in the infection rate in human and bovines by 90. 4% and 100% , respectively, from 2004 to 2018. The area with snail distribution was fluctuated between 0. 264 billion m² and 0. 310 billion m² . No infected snails and acute cases of schistosomiasis had been found since 2013. Conclusion The results show that the schistosomiasis transmission tends to decline in Anhui, yet the transmission risk of schistosomiasis remains in some areas. Strengthened prevention and surveillance is essential for following goal in transmission interruption and even elimination of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Endemic status analysis, Anhui Province