热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 277-283.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.05.005

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2016—2023年四川省丘陵地区土源性线虫病分布特征及空间聚集性分析

吴小红(), 田洪春, 罗静雯, 铁磊, 邓秀, 张素平, 刘阳()   

  1. 四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-15
  • 通信作者: 刘阳, E-mail: evita_6161@163.com
  • 作者简介:吴小红,男,本科,主管医师,研究方向:寄生虫病防治与研究。E-mail: 18981958362@163.com

Distribution characteristics and spatio-temporal analysis of soil-transmitted nematode in the hilly areas of Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2023

WU Xiaohong(), TIAN Hongchun, LUO Jingwen, TIE Lei, DENG Xiu, ZHANG Suping, LIU Yang()   

  1. Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2024-02-23 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-11-15
  • Contact: LIU Yang, E-mail: evita_6161@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析四川省丘陵地区人群土源性线虫病流行情况,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法 按照《四川省肝吸虫病和土源性线虫病监测方案(试行)》,2016—2023年每年在四川省选择一定数量的县(市、区)设立土源性线虫病监测点。使用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪二检)检测粪样中钩虫卵、蛔虫卵和鞭虫卵并计算感染率,分析丘陵地区不同性别、年龄、文化程度和职业人群的感染率差异。使用ArcGIS 10.7软件建立四川省丘陵地区土源性线虫病监测空间数据库,采用全局和局部空间自相关分析探索四川省丘陵地区土源性线虫(钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫)感染率在空间上是否存在聚集性。结果 2016—2023年,在四川省70个丘陵地区的县(市、区)共调查89 226人,发现土源性线虫感染者8 075人,总感染率为9.05%。钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫的感染率分别为8.52%(7 602/89 226)、0.52%(465/89 226)和0.17%(149/89 226),混合感染率为0.15%(130/89 226)。男性和女性土源性线虫总感染率分别为8.68%(3 725/42 912)和9.39%(4 350/46 314),差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.71,P<0.01);随着年龄增加和文化程度降低,土源性线虫总感染率均呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=1 675.73、883.37,P均<0.01);不同职业中农牧民总感染率较高(10.54%,7 376/69 990),不同职业总感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=890.86,P<0.01)。土源性线虫感染率>20.00%、10.01%~20.00%、5.01%~10.00%、1.01%~5.00%和0.01%~1.00%的县(市、区)数分别为8个、21个、19个、20个和2个;全局空间自相关分析表明,土源性线虫和钩虫感染分布存在空间聚集现象(Moran′s I均>0,Z均>2.58,P均<0.01);局部空间自相关分析表明,土源性线虫感染率“高-高”“高-低”“低-高”和“低-低”聚集的县(市、区)数分别为7个、2个、1个和2个,钩虫感染率“高-高”“高-低”“低-高”和“低-低”聚集的县(市、区)数分别为7个、3个、1个和2个。结论四川省丘陵地区土源性线虫感染率较高且存在空间聚集现象,应该加强重点地区综合性防治。

关键词: 土源性线虫病, 钩虫, 感染率, 空间分析, 丘陵地区, 四川省

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode in the hilly areas of Sichuan Province for evidences to scientifically develop the prevention and control measures. Methods From 2016 to 2023, we carried out surveillance in accordance with the requirements of Sichuan Provincial Surveillance Program for Hepatic Flukes and Soil-transmitted Nematode Diseases (for Trial implementation) by setting a certain number of monitoring sites yearly in the counties (cities/districts). The modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (one sample for two smears) was used to detect hookworm eggs, roundworm eggs and whipworm eggs in the fecal samples, and the infection rate was calculated. The differences of infection rates in the hilly areas were analyzed among different genders, ages, education levels and occupational groups. Software ArcGIS 10.7 was used to establish a spatial database for analyzing whether the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode (hookworm, roundworm and whipworm) in the hilly areas of Sichuan Province was spatially clustered by using global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation. Results A total of 89 226 people in 70 hilly counties (cities/districts) in Sichuan Province were surveyed between 2016 and 2023, and soil-transmitted nematode infections were found in 8 075 people, with an infection rate of 9.05%. The infection rate of hookworm, roundworm and whipworm was 8.52% (7 602/89 226), 0.52% (465/89 226) and 0.17% (149/89 226), respectively. The co-infection rate was 0.15% (130/89 226). The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode was different between males (8.68%, 3 725/42 912) and females (9.39%, 4 350/46 314), with significant difference (χ2=13.71, P<0.01). In population in different age group and educational level group, the infection rate climbed up generally with added ages and lower educations (χ2trend=1 675.73, 883.37, both P<0.01). By occupations, the infection rate was relatively higher in farmers and herdsmen (10.54%, 7 376/69 990), with significant difference (χ2=890.86, P<0.01). The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematodes >20.00%, 10.01%-20.00%, 5.01%-10.00%, 1.01%-5.00% and 0.01%-1.00% were associated with 8, 21, 19, 20 and 2 counties (districts/cities), respectively. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was spatial aggregation in the distribution of soil-transmitted nematodes and hookworm infections (Moran′s I>0, Z>2.58, P<0.01). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the number of counties (cities/districts) with "high-high", "high-low", "low-high" and "low-low" concentrations of soil-transmitted nematode infection rates accounted for 7, 2, 1 and 2, and the number of counties (cities/districts) with "high-high", "high-low", "low-high" and "low-low" hookworm infection rates were 7, 3, 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode in the hilly areas of Sichuan Province is relatively high, and presents spatial aggregation, therefore comprehensive prevention and control should be strengthened in the key areas.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematode, Hookworm, Infection rate, Spatial analysis, Hilly areas, Sichuan Province

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