热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 341-347.

• 结核病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

结核潜伏感染者预防性治疗接受情况及影响因素

李锦浩1，胡冬梅1，夏岚2，王森路3，杨蕊4，徐彩红1, 5   

  1. 1. 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院）结核病预防控制中心，北京 102206； 2. 四川省疾病预防控制中心； 3. 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心； 4. 云南省疾病预防控制中心； 5. 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-26 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 通信作者: 徐彩红，E-mail: xuch@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:李锦浩，男，硕士在读，研究方向：结核病防控。E-mail: z714829125@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC2311204）

Acceptance and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection preventive treatment

LI Jinhao1, HU Dongmei1, XIA Lan2, WANG Senlu3, YANG Rui4, XU Caihong1, 5   

  1. 1. National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing 102206, China;  2. Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention;  3. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention;  4. Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention;  5. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases
  • Received:2024-12-26 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-23

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摘要： 目的 分析结核潜伏感染人群的结核病预防性治疗（tuberculosis preventive treatment, TPT）接受情况及影响因素，为我国TPT的实施和推广提供参考。方法 使用方便抽样法抽取我国7个省份的医疗卫生机构，对调查机构2023年1—12月筛查发现的结核潜伏感染者进行横断面调查，获取人口学特征、感染检测结果及预防性治疗情况等数据，采用多因素logistic 回归分析接受TPT的影响因素。结果 共纳入2 886例研究对象，TPT总接受率为44.98%（1 298/2 886），其中接受化学预防性治疗的结核潜伏感染者1 091人，接受免疫预防性治疗的207人。多因素logistic 回归结果显示，江苏省、医务人员以及PPD一般阳性人群的TPT接受程度更高（P均<0.05），汉族、免疫力低下者、家庭密切接触者、提供TPT的机构为疾控中心或基层医疗卫生机构、PPD中度阳性人群的TPT接受程度较低（P均<0.05）；江苏省、PPD强阳性人群的化学预防性治疗接受程度更高（P<0.05），年龄为20～39岁、汉族、提供TPT的机构为疾控中心或基层医疗卫生机构人群的化学预防性治疗接受程度偏低（P均<0.05）。结论 我国现阶段结核潜伏感染者TPT接受率较低，不同特征人群的接受情况存在差异。未来应加强宣传教育，提高结核潜伏感染者对TPT的认识；同时推动政策落实，建立社会支持性环境，加快我国TPT工作的进程。

关键词: 结核病, 结核潜伏感染, 预防性治疗, 接受度, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the acceptance of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) and its influencing factors among individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), so as to provide evidences for promoting TPT implementation in China. Methods The healthcare institutions were initially selected in seven provinces of China by convenience sampling. Then, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among individuals with LTBI identified through screening from January to December 2023 in the surveyed institutions. Data on demographic characteristics, infection test results, and preventive treatment status were collected. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting TPT acceptance. Results A total of 2 886 participants were included. The overall TPT acceptance rate was 44.98% (1 298/2 886), among whom 1 091 received chemopreventive therapy and 207 received immunoprophylaxis. The results by multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher TPT acceptance were seen in population living in Jiangsu Province, healthcare workers, and victims with general positive findings by tuberculin purified protein derivative test (PPD) (all P<0.05). Contrarily, TPT acceptance were relatively lower in  Han ethnicity, population with low immunity and close household contacts of tuberculosis patients, patients received TPT at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or primary healthcare institutions, and those with moderate positive results by PPD (all P<0.05). The  population living in Jiangsu Province, and victims with strong positive PPD results had higher acceptance of chemopreventive therapy (both P<0.05). However, lower acceptance were observed among aged 20-39 years, individuals of Han ethnicity, and those received TPT at CDC or primary healthcare institutions (all P<0.05). Conclusion The current acceptance of TPT among LTBI individuals in China remains suboptimal, with significant variation across population subgroups. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen health education and improve awareness of TPT among LTBI individuals. Meanwhile, policies should be effectively implemented to establish a supportive social environment and accelerate the progress of prophylactic medication for tuberculosis in China. 

Key words: Tuberculosis, Latent tuberculosis infection, Preventive treatment, Acceptance, Influencing factors

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