热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 98-104.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.02.007

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

1997—2023年合肥市HIV/AIDS患者生存情况及影响因素分析

滕影(), 孙静, 陈超杰, 李玮, 冯金保, 邓晓岚, 吴萌, 姚晖()   

  1. 合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥 230041
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-04
  • 通信作者: 姚晖,E-mail: hfcdcyaohui@126.com
  • 作者简介:滕影,女,硕士,医师,研究方向:艾滋病预防控制。E-mail: tengying1015@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    合肥市卫生健康委应用医学科研项目(Hwk2023zd004)

Survival and its influencing factors among patients with HIV/AIDS in Hefei City from 1997 to 2023

TENG Ying(), SUN Jing, CHEN Chaojie, LI Wei, FENG Jinbao, DENG Xiaolan, WU Meng, YAO Hui()   

  1. Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230041, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2024-07-17 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-04
  • Contact: YAO Hui, E-mail: hfcdcyaohui@126.com

摘要:

目的 了解合肥市人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS)患者生存现状及影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法 从国家艾滋病综合防治信息系统中获取1997—2023年合肥市HIV/AIDS患者的常规数据、随访数据、治疗情况等,运用寿命表法计算HIV/AIDS患者累积生存率,Kaplan-Meier法计算平均生存时间;采用Cox回归分析HIV/AIDS患者以及接受抗逆转录病毒治疗患者生存的影响因素。结果 1997—2023年合肥市共报告4 305例HIV/AIDS患者,死亡371例,全死因死亡率为1.56/100人年,平均生存时间为18.89年。接受抗逆转录病毒治疗患者的平均生存时间(19.63年)明显高于未治疗者(3.49年),差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 304.81,P<0.01)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,年龄较低[15~24岁(HR=0.20)、25~34岁(HR=0.36)和35~44岁(HR=0.47)]是HIV/AIDS患者生存的保护因素;未婚(HR=1.52)、离异或丧偶(HR=1.33)、小学及以下(HR=2.11)、初中(HR=1.53)、高中或中专文化程度(HR=1.54)、通过异性性行为传播感染(HR=1.30)、首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数较低[0~49个/μL(HR=5.32)、50~199个/μL(HR=2.62)和200~349个/μL(HR=2.43)]以及未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗(HR=29.61)是影响HIV/AIDS患者生存的危险因素。此外,年龄较低[15~24岁(HR=0.12)、25~34岁(HR=0.21)和35~44岁(HR=0.36)]是接受抗逆转录病毒治疗患者生存的保护因素;治疗前BMI<18.5 kg/m2HR=2.22)、未婚(HR=2.76)、离异或丧偶(HR=1.91)、小学及以下(HR=3.02)、初中文化程度(HR=1.95)、通过异性性行为传播感染(HR=1.46)、首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数较低[0~49个/μL(HR=2.91)和50~199个/μL(HR=2.03)]、治疗前WHO临床分期为Ⅳ期(HR=1.75)以及初始治疗方案为二线方案(HR=1.56)是接受抗逆转录病毒治疗患者生存的危险因素。结论 接受抗逆转录病毒治疗是影响HIV/AIDS患者生存时间的关键因素,确诊时年龄、治疗前BMI以及首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数是影响接受治疗患者生存的主要因素,早发现、早诊断、早治疗可降低患者死亡风险。

关键词: 艾滋病, 生存时间, 抗逆转录病毒治疗, 影响因素, 合肥市

Abstract:

Objective To understand the survival status and the influencing factors in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) /acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Hefei area for theoretical basis in formulating intervention measures. Methods The routine data, follow-up data and treatment status of HIV/AIDS victims in Hefei area were retrieved from 1997 to 2023 via the National Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Information Management System. The survival rate of HIV/AIDS sufferers was calculated by life table method, and the average survival time was estimated by Kaplan-Meier plotter. Cox regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the survival in HIV/AIDs victims and those receiving antiretroviral therapy. Results A total of 4 305 patients infected with HIV/AIDS were reported in Hefei area from 1997 to 2023, in which there were 371 deaths. The all-cause mortality rate was 1.56/100 person-years, and the average survival time was 18.89 years. The average survival time was significantly longer in patients who received antiretroviral therapy than in the untreated patients (19.63 years versus 3.49 years, χ2=2 304.81, P<0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lower age [15-24 years (HR=0.20), 25-34 years (HR=0.36), 35-44 years (HR=0.47)] was a protective factor for the survival of HIV/AIDS victims. Being unmarried (HR=1.52), divorced or widowed (HR=1.33), primary school or below (HR=2.11), junior high school (HR=1.53), high school or technical secondary school (HR=1.54), heterosexually transmitted infection (HR=1.30), lower first CD4+ T lymphocyte count [0-49 (HR=5.32), 50-199 (HR=2.62) and 200-349 (HR=2.43)] and absence of antiretroviral therapy (HR=29.61) were risk factors for the survival. In addition, lower age [15-24 years (HR=0.12), 25-34 years (HR=0.21) and 35-44 years (HR=0.36)] was a protective factor for death in patients undergone antiretroviral therapy. BMI<18.5 kg/m2 before treatment (HR=2.22), unmarried (HR=2.76), divorced or widowed (HR=1.91), primary school or below (HR=3.02), junior high school (HR=1.95), heterosexually transmitted infection (HR=1.46), lower CD4+T lymphocyte count at initial measurement [0-49 (HR=2.91) and 50-199 (HR=2.03)], clinical stage Ⅳ by WHO before treatment (HR=1.75), and initial second-line treatment plan (HR=1.56) were risk factors for the death in patients who received antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion Antiretroviral therapy is a key factor affecting the survival time of infected with HIV/AIDS victims. Age at diagnosis, BMI before treatment and CD4+T lymphocyte count at the first laboratory test are the main factors affecting death in patients who had received treatment. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of death in the HIV/AIDS victims.

Key words: AIDS, Survival time, Antiretroviral therapy, Influencing factor, Hefei City

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