Abstract: Objective To analyze the acceptance of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) and its influencing factors among individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), so as to provide evidences for promoting TPT implementation in China. Methods The healthcare institutions were initially selected in seven provinces of China by convenience sampling. Then, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among individuals with LTBI identified through screening from January to December 2023 in the surveyed institutions. Data on demographic characteristics, infection test results, and preventive treatment status were collected. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting TPT acceptance. Results A total of 2 886 participants were included. The overall TPT acceptance rate was 44.98% (1 298/2 886), among whom 1 091 received chemopreventive therapy and 207 received immunoprophylaxis. The results by multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher TPT acceptance were seen in population living in Jiangsu Province, healthcare workers, and victims with general positive findings by tuberculin purified protein derivative test (PPD) (all P<0.05). Contrarily, TPT acceptance were relatively lower in  Han ethnicity, population with low immunity and close household contacts of tuberculosis patients, patients received TPT at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or primary healthcare institutions, and those with moderate positive results by PPD (all P<0.05). The  population living in Jiangsu Province, and victims with strong positive PPD results had higher acceptance of chemopreventive therapy (both P<0.05). However, lower acceptance were observed among aged 20-39 years, individuals of Han ethnicity, and those received TPT at CDC or primary healthcare institutions (all P<0.05). Conclusion The current acceptance of TPT among LTBI individuals in China remains suboptimal, with significant variation across population subgroups. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen health education and improve awareness of TPT among LTBI individuals. Meanwhile, policies should be effectively implemented to establish a supportive social environment and accelerate the progress of prophylactic medication for tuberculosis in China. 

Key words: Tuberculosis, Latent tuberculosis infection, Preventive treatment, Acceptance, Influencing factors