热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 367-370.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.06.009

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆一起内脏利什曼病聚集性疫情调查分析

史光忠1(), 阿迪力·司马义1, 赵江山1, 买买提江·吾买尔1, 玉苏甫江·肉苏力2, 刘慧慧3()   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心，新疆维吾尔自治区病媒生物重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
    2 新疆维吾尔自治区克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州疾病预防控制中心
    3 中国疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-12 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-23
  • 通信作者: 刘慧慧,liuhh@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:史光忠，男，本科，主管医师，研究方向：寄生虫病和布鲁菌病防治。E-mail: xjcdcsgz@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫与媒介生物学重点实验室开放课题(WSBKFKT2019-07)

Investigation and analysis of a cluster outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

SHI Guangzhong1(), ADILI Simayi1, ZHAO Jiangshan1, MAIMAITIJIANG Umar1, YUSUPJIANG Rosuli2, LIU Huihui3()   

  1. 1 Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
    2 Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture
    3 Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2024-05-12 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-01-23
  • Contact: LIU Huihui,liuhh@chinacdc.cn

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摘要：

目的 调查处置新疆阿克陶县一起内脏利什曼病聚集性疫情，查明疫情暴发原因，为制定更有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法 于2022年5月28日—6月10日采用B超和rK39免疫层析试条筛查重点人群，对病例所在区域传播媒介情况进行现场调查，使用描述流行病学方法对调查结果进行分析。结果 指示病例为阿克陶县X乡D村一名1岁4个月的散居女童，患病前无外出史，2022年2月10日第一次出现发热症状，5月8日确诊为内脏利什曼病，6月3日治愈出院。共筛查375人，搜索到临床诊断病例1例、无症状感染者6例，均为阿克陶县X乡D村当地居民;其中首发临床诊断病例于2021年9月初出现临床症状，自述发病前1年内无外出史，有蚊虫叮咬史;男性4例，女性3例;年龄为9~55岁，其中10岁及以下3人，10岁以上4人;职业分布为学生3人，农民4人。所有病例或无症状感染者均有白蛉叮咬史。2022年6月1—2日开展媒介调查，捕获3只长管白蛉。结论 该疫情为一起本地内脏利什曼病聚集性疫情，传播媒介可能为长管白蛉。调查处置期间已对涉及病例所在地全部居民房屋、畜圈、院落等开展了喷洒灭蛉工作，有效控制了疫情蔓延。

关键词: 内脏利什曼病, 黑热病, 聚集性疫情, 调查处置, 新疆

Abstract:

Objective To ascertain the causes of the outbreak via investigation and management of a clustered outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in Akto County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, for scientific basis in formulating more effective prevention and control measures for similar infections. Methods B-mode ultrasound and rK39 immunochromatographic test strips were used to screen key populations from May 28th to June 10th, 2022, and field study was conducted to investigate the potential transmission vectors in the affected area. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the results investigate. Results The index case was a 1-year-and-4-month-old girl living at home in Village D, Township X, Akto County. She had no history of travel before infection. She first developed a fever on February 10, 2022, and was diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis on May 8th. She was cured and discharged from the hospital on June 3rd. A total of 375 individuals were screened, and 1 clinically diagnosed case and 6 asymptomatic infections were identified, all of whom were local residents in Village D, Township X, Akto County. The first clinically diagnosed case developed symptoms in early September 2021 and reported no travel history within the year prior to onset, but had a history of mosquito bites. There were 4 males and 3 females, with ages ranging from 9 to 55 years old, including 3 individuals aged 10 or younger and 4 older than 10. By occupational distribution, three were students and four farmers. All cases or asymptomatic infections had a history of sandfly bites. A vector survey was conducted on June 1-2, 2022, during which three Phlebotomus longiductus Parrots were captured. Conclusion This endemic is a local clustered outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis, with the possible transmission vector being Phlebotomus longiductus Parrot. During the investigation and response period, spraying was carried out to eliminate sandflies in all residential houses, animal pens, and courtyards in the areas where confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases were located. The transmission was eventually and effectively controlled.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Kala-azar, Aggregation epidemic, Investigation and management, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

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