热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 319-323,347.

• 专家视角 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者预防性治疗的现状、挑战与思考

徐彩红1, 2，李锦浩2，文雅欣2，赵雁林2, 3   

  1. 1. 南京医科大学公共卫生学院，江苏 南京 211166； 2. 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院）结核病预防控制中心； 3. 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 通信作者: 赵雁林，E-mail: zhaoyl@chiancdc.cn
  • 作者简介:徐彩红，女，博士，研究员，研究方向：结核病防控。E-mail: xuch@chinacdc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC2311204、2024YFC2310905）

Current status, challenges and perspectives on preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in China

XU Caihong1, 2, LI Jinhao2, WEN Yaxin2, ZHAO Yanlin2, 3   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China;  2. National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention （Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine）;  3. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases
  • Received:2025-10-29 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-20

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摘要： 结核病仍是全球重大公共卫生挑战，结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者是潜在的“患者库”，若不采取有效的干预措施，将源源不断产生新患者，造成结核病疫情居高不下。世界卫生组织与联合国结核病问题高级别会议均强调结核病预防性治疗（tuberculosis preventive treatment, TPT）是终结结核病流行的关键措施。我国2024年11月发布的《全国结核病防治规划（2024—2030年）》将TPT列为关键措施，并要求到2030年实现肺结核患者密切接触者中潜伏感染者预防性治疗率达80%及以上。目前，我国TPT工作存在经费不足、公众与医务人员知晓率低、感染者依从性差、感染检测技术与预防性治疗方案有待创新等诸多挑战。未来需进一步加大经费投入、因地制宜设立预防性治疗门诊，提高TPT可及性；加强医务人员培训、感染者健康促进，提高TPT接受度和依从性；推动TPT诊断技术和短程治疗方案创新，促进TPT快速推广，以加速结核病疫情下降，助力我国终结结核病流行目标的实现。

关键词: 结核病, 结核分枝杆菌, 潜伏感染, 预防性治疗

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge. Individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) constitute a substantial reservoir of potential future TB cases. Without effective interventions, this reservoir will persistently bring about new TB cases, sustaining the high TB epidemic. Both the World Health Organization and the United Nations High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis have emphasized tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) as a cornerstone to end the tuberculosis epidemic. The National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Plan (2024-2030), released in November 2024, has listed TPT as a key measure and required that the TPT rate for LTBI population among close contacts of tuberculosis patients should reach 80% and above by 2030. Currently, China faces numerous challenges in TPT, including insufficient funding, lower awareness among the public and healthcare workers, poor adherence among infected individuals, and the need for innovation in both infection detection technologies and preventive treatment regimens. Future efforts should focus on increasing financial investment, developing tailored TPT clinics to improve accessibility, strengthening health workers’ training and health promotion for infected individuals to boost TPT acceptance and adherence, and promoting research on innovative diagnostic technologies and shorter regimens to advance the rapid scale-up of TPT, so as to accelerate the decline of the TB epidemic, and ultimately contribute to achieving the goal to end TB throughout China.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Latent infection, Preventive treatment

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