热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 131-136,148.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.03.001

• 特别报道 • 上一篇    下一篇

2011—2023年我国犬源型内脏利什曼病流行特征分析

黄璐璐1(), 刘婧姝1, 周正斌1, 罗卓韦2, 李元元1, 陈军虎1,3, 李石柱1,3()   

  1. 1.中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心，传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，上海 200025
    2.北京市疾病预防控制中心
    3.国家热带病研究中心-上海交通大学医学院全球健康学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-08-08
  • 通信作者: 李石柱，E-mail: lsz@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:黄璐璐，女，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：全球卫生、疾病预防控制。E-mail: llhuang@nipd.chinacdc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82473688);国家自然科学基金项目(32161143036);国家自然科学基金项目(32311540013);“一带一路”澜湄热带病防控联合实验室项目(21410750200);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025 年）重点学科项目

Epidemiological feature of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in China from 2011 to 2023

HUANG Lulu1(), LIU Jingshu1, ZHOU Zhengbin1, LUO Zhuowei2, LI Yuanyuan1, CHEN Junhu1,3, LI Shizhu1,3()   

  1. 1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
    2. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control
    3. School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
  • Received:2025-05-19 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-08-08
  • Contact: LI Shizhu, E-mail: lsz@chinacdc.cn

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摘要：

目的 分析全国犬源型内脏利什曼病（mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, MT-ZVL）的流行特征，为该病的防控提供参考。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2011—2023年全国报告的MT-ZVL病例信息并建立数据库，采用描述流行病学方法对MT-ZVL的三间分布等流行特征进行分析。结果 2011—2023年，全国累计报告MT-ZVL病例1 849例，分布在甘肃（791例）、山西（570例）、陕西（179例）、四川（138例）、河南（107例）、河北（59例）、北京（5例）等7个省份；陇南市武都区（286例）、舟曲县（215例）、平定县（139例）、宕昌县（117例）、阳泉市郊区（116例）为主要高发县（市、区）；全国病例数整体呈先降后升趋势。时间上，3—7月报告病例数较多（948例，占51.27%），呈一定季节性。人群上，病例数较多的年龄组主要有1岁（239例，占12.93%）、50~59岁（231例，占12.49%）、60~69岁（224例，占12.11%）；以男性为主（1 195例，占64.63%）；农民占比最高（740例，占40.02%），其次为散居儿童（587例，占31.75%）。结论 2011—2023年全国MT-ZVL继续呈低流行态势，病例数先降后升，流行范围有所扩大，甘肃、山西为高发省份，病例高度集中于陇南山区、太行山南段及其延伸丘陵地带，且近年来农民、中老年人群的比例上升。建议在“全健康”框架下强化多部门联动，精准开展犬只管理、媒介控制、主动监测及科研创新。

关键词: 犬源型内脏利什曼病, 黑热病, 流行特征, 中国

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) in China for references for the prevention and control of this infection. Methods Case information of MT-ZVL reported from 2011 to 2023 was obtained through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System to establish the database. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the characteristics of MT-ZVL in temporal, spatial and population distribution. Results From 2011 to 2023, a total of 1 849 MT-ZVL cases were reported across China. The cases were distributed in Gansu (n=791), Shanxi (n=570), Shaanxi (n=179), Sichuan (n=138), Henan (n=107), Hebei (n=59) and Beijing (n=5). The high-incidence counties (cities, districts) included Wudu District of Longnan City (n=286), Zhouqu County (n=215), Pingding County (n=139), Tanchang County (n=117) and Jiaoqu District of Yangquan City (n=116). The overall number of cases tended to decline initially, followed by a resurgence. In terms of temporal distribution, more cases were reported between March and July (n=948; 51.27%), indicating a certain seasonality. By population distribution, the cases were dominated in the 1-year-old group (n=239; 12.93%), followed by the age groups of 50-59 (n=231; 12.49%), 60-69 (n=224; 12.11%). The majority of cases were males (n=1 195; 64.63%). Occupational distribution showed that farmers accounted for the highest proportion (n=740; 40.02%), followed by children living at home (n=587; 31.75%). Conclusion From 2011 to 2023, MT-ZVL in China remained at a low endemic level, with case numbers declining initially and rising thereafter, during which the epidemic area appeared gradually expanded. Gansu and Shanxi provinces were major hotspots, with cases concentrated in mountainous areas of Longnan, the southern part of Taihang Mountains and its extended hills areas. In recent years, the infection showed an increase trend in farmers and middle-aged and eldly population. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen multi-sectoral collaboration under the One Health framework, and to carry out precise control strategies such as dog management, vector control, active surveillance, and scientific research innovation.

Key words: Mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, Kala-azar, Epidemiological feature, China

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