Abstract: This article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in China in recent years, and focuses on the main challenges from the burden of persistent imported malaria, re-establishment of transmission and severe and death risks, and maintenance of surveillance and response capacity after malaria elimination. It also puts forward targeted work suggestions from strengthening political leadership, improving the competency on malaria prevention and control, strengthening active surveillance and response of malaria in risk areas and populations, strengthening scientific and technological innovation and transformation, and deepening various cooperation, etc., so as to continuously consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination in China, and contribute to building a malaria-free world and jointly building a Global Community of Health for all. 

Key words: Malaria, Elimination, Imported malaria, Re-establishment, Main challenges, Priorities