Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 220-224.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.04.006

• CONTROL STUDY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The seasonal characteristics of human anthrax incidence in China, 2010-2024

DUAN Hongju1,2(), YANG Cong1, WANG Jian3, MA Xueping1, WU Xianglin1, MA Tao4()   

  1. 1 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750011, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
    2 School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University
    3 Ningxia Medical University Library
    4 Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2026-04-13 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-09-29
  • Contact: MA Tao, E-mail: mwt_1985@163.com

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo analyze the seasonal characteristics of human anthrax incidence in China for theoretical evidence in prevention and control of this zoonotic infection. Methods Incidence data of human anthrax in China from 2010 to 2024 were retrieved from the China Public Health Science Data Center and the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration. Seasonality of human anthrax was analyzed using the seasonal index, along with concentration degree (M) and circular distribution method. Then the correlation between concentration degree M and circular distribution concentration trend γ value was assessed. Results A total of 4 817 cases of human anthrax, including 35 deaths, were reported in China from 2010 to 2024. The reported incidence rate ranged from 0.014 per 100 000 to 0.034 per 100 000 population, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.023 per 100 000. Seasonal index analysis indicated that the epidemic season of human anthrax in China spanned from July to October, with the incidence peak occurring in August. Concentration degree analysis yielded an overall M-value of 0.419 for national human anthrax epidemics, indicating a certain degree of seasonality, with marked seasonality in 2011 and 2021 (M=0.524 and 0.503), weak or insignificant seasonality in 2013 (M=0.230), and a certain degree of seasonality in other years (M ranging from 0.337 to 0.479). Circular distribution analysis revealed that the overall peak day of human anthrax onset was 25 August, with a tendency toward a later peak day over time. The overall peak period was from 9 June to 10 November, while the annual peak periods across the study years fell between May and December. The concentration degree M was highly positively correlated with the circular distribution concentration statistic γ (r=1.000, P<0.001). Conclusion Human anthrax incidence in China exhibits certain seasonal characteristics, with the peak occurring in summer and autumn. It is recommended to strengthen intersectoral collaboration, health education for high-risk populations, and animal epidemic monitoring before and during the epidemic peak season to effectively reduce the disease burden of anthrax.

Key words: Anthrax, Seasonal index, Concentration degree, Circular distribution

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