Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 155-159.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.03.005

• SPECIAL TOPIC ON PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A Case-control study on the factors influencing the immunization efficacy of hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission interruption

GAO Wenyan1(), HUANG Xun1, CHEN Yangwei1, WANG Qinghua1, HUANG Yonghan1, ZHU Yu2, ZHENG Qiaozhen3, LIN Shu4, ZHANG Yinchuan5, YU Shuhang6, LI Xiaoyan7, JIA Haimei1()   

  1. 1. The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou Health Supervision Institute), Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China
    2. Taijiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    3. Jin’an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    4. Changle District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    5. Minqing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Minqing County Health Supervision Institute)
    6. Luoyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    7. Fuqing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Fuqing City Health Supervision Institute)
  • Received:2025-04-25 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-08-08
  • Contact: JIA Haimei, E-mail: haimei1103@126.com

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the immune efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during mother-to-child blockade in newborns for evidence to improve the measures in interrupting HBV transmission from mother to an infant. Methods We conducted a study on the newborns in Fuzhou City, who had completed full HBV vaccination schedule to interrupt the transmission from August 2023 to October 2024, and the mothers’ hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive. The case group comprised newborns with failure of immune response after vaccination, and the control group were infants with immune response after vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors affecting the immune efficacy. Results A total of 1 256 HBsAg-positive mother and their newborn were investigated (419 cases, 837 controls). The newborns who were born to mothers aged≥36 years (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.32-0.92) or received antiviral therapy during pregnancy (OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.82) had a lower risk of immune response failure following HBV vaccination, whereas the incidence of immunological unresponsiveness was higher in the newborns with family members with HBV or HBsAg carriers (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.09-1.92) or if the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and HBV vaccine were administered at the same site (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.95). Conclusion The immune efficacy of HBV mother-to-child blockade in newborns in Fuzhou City is influenced by maternal age, status of maternal antiviral therapy during pregnancy, presence of HBV patients or HBsAg carriers in the family, and vaccination site, for which strengthening prenatal screening and antiviral therapy, implementation of targeted health education and immunization management, and timely revaccination of the vaccine non-responder children are recommended.

Key words: Hepatitis B, Newborns, Mother-to-child transmission blockade, Vaccine non-responder

CLC Number: