铜陵市腹泻患者诺如病毒全基因组序列测定及基因特征分析

doi:10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解铜陵市腹泻患者诺如病毒（norovirus, NoV）的基因特征，为NoV防治提供科学依据。方法收集2023年铜陵市医疗机构腹泻患者中3份NoV阳性粪便样本（编号分别为NR18、NR61、NR246），提取病毒RNA后进行高通量测序；将获得的全基因组序列上传至NCBI网站进行BLAST比对以鉴定基因型；使用MEGA 11软件构建系统进化树，依托进化分支筛选近缘参考株；利用BioEdit软件对3株毒株及参考株开展序列同源性分析，并鉴定衣壳蛋白VP1、VP2区的氨基酸突变位点。结果 NR18、NR61、NR246全基因组长度分别为7 641 nt、7 784 nt、7 567 nt。基因型鉴定与系统进化分析显示，NR18为GⅠ.4 P4型，与广东分离株PV640830.1聚为一支；NR61为GⅠ.2 P2型，与日本分离株LC122690.1聚为一支；NR246为GⅡ.6 P7型，与陕西分离株MW243610.2聚为一支。同源性分析表明，3株毒株与其同型参考株高度同源（ORF区核苷酸同源性为95.3%~99.7%，VP区氨基酸同源性为93.5%~99.5%）。氨基酸突变位点分析显示，NR61变异最显著，与参考株在VP1、VP2区突变位点依次为27个、8个；NR246次之，突变位点分别为15个、8个；NR18最为保守，分别为8个、1个。结论铜陵市NoV毒株具有遗传多样性，在VP1、VP2区存在不同程度氨基酸突变。建议常态化开展全基因组动态监测，追踪病毒演化变异规律，为区域NoV防控工作提供参考。

关键词: 诺如病毒, 全基因组序列, 系统进化, 氨基酸突变

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic characteristics of norovirus (NoV) from diarrhea patients in Tongling area for scientific evidence in prevention and control of this infection. Methods Three NoV-positive fecal samples (designated NR18, NR61, and NR246) were collected from diarrhea patients treated at medical institutions in Tongling City in 2023. Viral RNA was extracted and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The obtained whole-genome sequences were uploaded to the NCBI database for BLAST homology alignment to identify their genotypes. Then a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 11 software, and closely related reference strains were selected based on evolutionary clades. Sequence homology analysis was performed using BioEdit software on the three viral strains and a reference strain, and amino acid mutation sites in the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 regions were identified. Results The whole-genome length of NR18, NR61, and NR246 was 7 641 nt, 7 784 nt and 7 567 nt, respectively. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis revealed that NR18 belonged to genotype GⅠ.4 P4 and clustered with the Guangdong isolate PV640830.1, NR61 was classified as GⅠ.2 P2 and grouped with the Japanese isolate LC122690.1, NR246 was identified as GⅡ.6 P7 and clustered with the Shaanxi isolate MW243610.2. Homology analysis demonstrated high sequence similarity between the three strains and their corresponding reference strains (nucleotide identity in ORF regions ranged from 95.3% to 99.7%, and amino acid identity in VP regions from 93.5% to 99.5%). Amino acid mutation analysis showed that NR61 exhibited the most pronounced variation, with 27 and 8 mutation sites in the VP1 and VP2 regions, respectively, relative to its reference strain, followed by NR246, with 15 and 8 mutation sites. NR18 was the most conserved, with only 8 and 1 mutation sites in VP1 and VP2, respectively. Conclusion NoV strains in Tongling City exhibited genetic diversity, with varying degrees of amino acid mutations in the VP1 and VP2 regions. It is recommended to implement routine dynamic monitoring of NoV whole-genome sequences to track viral evolution and mutation patterns of the virus, providing insights for regional NoV prevention and control.

Key words: Norovirus, Whole-genome sequence, Phylogenetic analysis, Amino acid mutation

中图分类号:

R373.2

王圆圆, 左延才, 刘小松, 邱申伟, 黄丽, 崔红娟, 潘恺. 铜陵市腹泻患者诺如病毒全基因组序列测定及基因特征分析[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2026, 24(4): 236-240.

WANG Yuanyuan, ZUO Yancai, LIU Xiaosong, QIU Shenwei, HUANG Li, CUI Hongjuan, PAN Kai. Whole-genome sequencing and genetic characterization of norovirus from diarrhea patients in Tongling City[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2026, 24(4): 236-240.

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序列区域	NR18	NR61	NR246
全长	7 641	7 784	7 567
ORF1	1~5 319	1~5 371	1~5 095
ORF2	5 306~6 940	5 355~6 995	5 079~6 731
ORF3	6 940~7 566	6 995~7 630	6 731~7 510

毒株	LC122690.1			MW243610.2			PV640830.1			NR18			NR246			NR61
毒株	ORF1	ORF2	ORF3	ORF1	ORF2	ORF3	ORF1	ORF2	ORF3	ORF1	ORF2	ORF3	ORF1	ORF2	ORF3	ORF1	ORF2	ORF3
LC122690.1	100.0	100.0	100.0	37.9	36.9	32.6	70.5	67.2	62.1	70.5	67.1	62.2	38.3	37.0	32.5	98.7	98.2	98.7
MW243610	37.9	36.9	32.6	100.0	100.0	100.0	38.1	38.0	30.3	38.2	37.9	30.0	98.7	98.9	95.3	38.0	36.7	32.7
PV640830.1	70.5	67.2	62.1	38.1	38.0	30.3	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.7	99.3	99.6	38.2	38.0	31.6	70.3	67.3	62.4
NR18	70.5	67.1	62.2	38.2	37.9	30.0	99.7	99.3	99.6	100.0	100.0	100.0	38.3	37.8	31.4	70.3	67.3	62.5
NR246	38.3	37.0	32.5	98.7	98.9	95.3	38.2	38.0	31.6	38.3	37.8	31.4	100.0	100.0	100.0	38.3	36.8	32.6
NR61	98.7	98.2	98.7	38.0	36.7	32.7	70.3	67.3	62.4	70.3	67.3	62.5	38.3	36.8	32.6	100.0	100.0	100.0

毒株	LC122690.1		MW243610.2		PV640830.1		NR18		NR246		NR61
毒株	VP1	VP2	VP1	VP2	VP1	VP2	VP1	VP2	VP1	VP2	VP1	VP2
LC122690.1	100.0	100.0	12.9	11.8	51.5	51.5	51.2	52.0	13.1	11.6	96.3	97.5
MW243610	12.9	11.8	100.0	100.0	12.4	10.4	12.2	10.0	97.9	93.5	12.4	11.5
PV640830.1	51.5	51.5	12.4	10.4	100.0	100.0	98.8	99.5	12.6	11.4	52.2	52.0
NR18	51.2	52.0	12.2	10.0	98.8	99.5	100.0	100.0	12.4	11.0	51.9	52.5
NR246	13.1	11.6	97.9	93.5	12.6	11.4	12.4	11.0	100.0	100.0	12.6	11.2
NR61	96.3	97.5	12.4	11.5	52.2	52.0	51.9	52.5	12.6	11.2	100.0	100.0

突变位点	52	64	79	86	125	136	141	157	194	203	205	210	226	229	249	254	291	294	295	331	332	364	398	406	411	496	517	81^*	100^*	125^*	129^*	152^*	160^*	168^*	175^*
NR61	F	I	T	I	P	S	Q	V	S	A	T	F	P	L	L		V	I	L	I	I	S	G	T	C	L	I	P	D	R	V	T	S	C	P
LC122690.1	S	T	I	T	L	F	L	A	L	V	I	S	L	P	P	W	A	T	S	T	T	L	D	I	Y	P	T	L	G	C	G	I	F	Y	L

突变位点	16	31	105	109	144	152	176	294	312	317	352	366	409	419	451	42^*	92^*	152^*	178^*	216^*	230^*	246^*	259^*
NR246	N	V	W	A	S	G	A	R	Q	G	I	Q		L	P		K	A	K		A	T
MW243610.2	S	A	C	V	L	V	V	Q	R	D	T	R	W	S	L	K	R	V		Q	V	A	E