热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 220-224.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.04.006

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2010—2024年我国人间炭疽发病季节性特征分析

段红菊1,2(), 杨聪1, 王健3, 马学平1, 吴向林1, 马涛4()   

  1. 1 宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心, 宁夏银川 750011
    2 宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院
    3 宁夏医科大学图书馆
    4 南京市疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-13 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-09-29
  • 通信作者: 马涛,E-mail: mwt_1985@163.com
  • 作者简介:段红菊,女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:传染病预防与控制。E-mail: duanhjnxcdc@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2025AAC030296);自治区青年科技托举人才培养项目(宁科协发组字〔2024〕6号);宁夏卫生健康委重点攻关项目(2024-NWZD-A011)

The seasonal characteristics of human anthrax incidence in China, 2010-2024

DUAN Hongju1,2(), YANG Cong1, WANG Jian3, MA Xueping1, WU Xianglin1, MA Tao4()   

  1. 1 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750011, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
    2 School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University
    3 Ningxia Medical University Library
    4 Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2026-04-13 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-09-29
  • Contact: MA Tao, E-mail: mwt_1985@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析我国人间炭疽发病的季节性特征,为科学防控炭疽提供理论依据。方法 通过中国公共卫生科学数据中心和国家疾病预防控制局收集并整理2010—2024年我国报告的人间炭疽发病数据,运用季节指数、集中度与圆形分布法分析炭疽发病的季节性,并对集中度M值和圆形分布集中趋势γ值进行相关性分析。结果 2010—2024年,我国累计报告人间炭疽病例4 817例,死亡35例;报告发病率为0.014/10万~0.034/10万,年均报告发病率为0.023/10万。季节指数分析表明7—10月为我国人间炭疽的流行季,8月为发病高峰。集中度法分析表明我国人间炭疽疫情整体M值为0.419,提示炭疽发病总体“有一定的季节性”,其中2011年和2021年为“有明显的季节性”(M=0.524、0.503),2013年为“季节性不明显/较弱”(M=0.230),其他年份均为“有一定的季节性”(M值为0.337~0.479)。圆形分布法分析结果显示,我国人间炭疽总体的发病高峰日为8月25日,高峰日整体呈现向后推移趋势;总体的发病高峰期为6月9日—11月10日,历年发病高峰期分布于5—12月。集中度M值和圆形分布集中趋势γ值呈高度正相关(r=1.000,P<0.001)。结论 我国人间炭疽发病具有一定的季节性特征,发病高峰集中于夏秋季。建议在发病高峰季来临前及期间,强化跨部门协作、高危人群健康教育和动物疫情监测,以有效降低炭疽疾病负担。

关键词: 炭疽, 季节指数, 集中度, 圆形分布法

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo analyze the seasonal characteristics of human anthrax incidence in China for theoretical evidence in prevention and control of this zoonotic infection. Methods Incidence data of human anthrax in China from 2010 to 2024 were retrieved from the China Public Health Science Data Center and the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration. Seasonality of human anthrax was analyzed using the seasonal index, along with concentration degree (M) and circular distribution method. Then the correlation between concentration degree M and circular distribution concentration trend γ value was assessed. Results A total of 4 817 cases of human anthrax, including 35 deaths, were reported in China from 2010 to 2024. The reported incidence rate ranged from 0.014 per 100 000 to 0.034 per 100 000 population, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.023 per 100 000. Seasonal index analysis indicated that the epidemic season of human anthrax in China spanned from July to October, with the incidence peak occurring in August. Concentration degree analysis yielded an overall M-value of 0.419 for national human anthrax epidemics, indicating a certain degree of seasonality, with marked seasonality in 2011 and 2021 (M=0.524 and 0.503), weak or insignificant seasonality in 2013 (M=0.230), and a certain degree of seasonality in other years (M ranging from 0.337 to 0.479). Circular distribution analysis revealed that the overall peak day of human anthrax onset was 25 August, with a tendency toward a later peak day over time. The overall peak period was from 9 June to 10 November, while the annual peak periods across the study years fell between May and December. The concentration degree M was highly positively correlated with the circular distribution concentration statistic γ (r=1.000, P<0.001). Conclusion Human anthrax incidence in China exhibits certain seasonal characteristics, with the peak occurring in summer and autumn. It is recommended to strengthen intersectoral collaboration, health education for high-risk populations, and animal epidemic monitoring before and during the epidemic peak season to effectively reduce the disease burden of anthrax.

Key words: Anthrax, Seasonal index, Concentration degree, Circular distribution

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