2024—2025年四川省人呼吸道合胞病毒哨点监测结果分析

doi:10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析四川省急性呼吸道感染（acute respiratory infection, ARI）病例中人呼吸道合胞病毒（human respiratory syncytial virus, HRSV）感染的流行特征，为HRSV防控提供科学依据。方法选取2024—2025年四川省7家急性呼吸道传染病多病原监测哨点医院监测的ARI病例作为研究对象，运用描述流行病学方法分析ARI病例中HRSV阳性病例的三间分布和HRSV的亚型检测情况。结果监测对象的HRSV总阳性率为3.65%（803/22 003），其中门急诊流感样病例阳性率为3.11%（456/14 680），住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例阳性率为4.74%（347/7 323），差异有统计学意义（χ²=37.02，P<0.001）。男、女HRSV阳性率分别为3.89%（445/11 443）和3.39%（358/10 560），差异有统计学意义（χ²=3.88，P<0.05）；不同年龄组人群的阳性率总体随年龄增长而下降（χ²_趋势=428.09，P<0.001，Z=-20.69），0~5岁年龄组是主要感染人群（占81.57%，655/803）。时间分布上总体以10月—次年3月阳性率较高，5—7月阳性率较低。地区分布上达州市、成都市阳性率相对较高（8.29%、5.43%），不同监测地区HRSV阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=390.52，P<0.001）。共对2025年的73份样本开展HRSV亚型检测，检出A型60份（占82.19%）、B型12份（占16.44%）、A/B混合型1份（占1.37%）。结论 2024—2025年四川省HRSV感染以5岁及以下婴幼儿为主，阳性率随年龄增长呈下降趋势；流行高峰在秋末至次年春季，不同地区阳性率差异较大。今后防控工作应重点关注低龄婴幼儿，同时扩大亚型监测覆盖范围，持续做好流行态势研判。

关键词: 人呼吸道合胞病毒, 急性呼吸道感染, 四川省

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in Sichuan Province for scientific evidence for prevention and control of HRSV in local area. Methods ARI cases monitored at 7 sentinel hospitals for multi-pathogen surveillance of ARI in Sichuan Province between 2024 and 2025 were selected as the study subjects. Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the demographic, temporal and regional distribution characteristics of HRSV-positive cases, as well as the distribution of HRSV subtypes. Results The overall positive rate of HRSV among the monitored subjects was 3.65% (803/22 003), in which the positive rate was 3.11% (456/14 680) for outpatients and emergency influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, and 4.74% (347/7 323) among hospitalized severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases, with statistically significant difference (χ²=37.02, P<0.001). The HRSV positive rate was 3.89% (445/11 443) in males and 3.39% (358/10 560) in females, showing a statistically significant difference (χ²=3.88, P<0.05). Overall, the HRSV positive rate decreased significantly with increasing age (χ²_trend=428.09, P<0.001, Z=-20.69), with children aged 0-5 years being the dominant affected group (81.57%, 655/803). Temporally, higher positive rates were observed from October to March of the following year, and the lower rates were seen from May to July. Geographically, Dazhou and Chengdu exhibited relatively higher positive rates (8.29% and 5.43%, respectively). The difference in positive rate was statistically significant among surveillance regions (χ²=390.52, P<0.001). A total of 73 samples from 2025 were subjected to HRSV subtype testing, which revealed HRSV subtype A in 60 cases (82.19%), subtype B in 12 (16.44%), and A/B co-infection in 1 (1.37%). Conclusion HRSV infection in Sichuan Province from 2024 to 2025 predominantly occurs in children aged 5 years and younger, and the infection rate gradually declines with increasing age. The epidemic peaks from late autumn to the following spring, with substantial regional differences in positivity rates. Subsequent prevention and control efforts should focus on younger children, while expanding coverage of viral subtype surveillance and continuously estimating the epidemic trends.

Key words: Human respiratory syncytial virus, Acute respiratory infection, Sichuan Province

中图分类号:

R183.3，R181.3

胡风淼, 周兴余, 周丽君, 李知睿, 董爽, 肖崇堃. 2024—2025年四川省人呼吸道合胞病毒哨点监测结果分析[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2026, 24(4): 225-229.

HU Fengmiao, ZHOU Xingyu, ZHOU Lijun, LI Zhirui, DONG Shuang, XIAO Chongkun. The sentinel surveillance results of human respiratory syncytial virus in Sichuan Province, 2024-2025[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2026, 24(4): 225-229.

图/表 3

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人群特征	监测数（例）	阳性数（例）	阳性病例构成比（%）	阳性率（%）
性别
男性	11 443	445	55.42	3.89
女性	10 560	358	44.58	3.39
年龄组（岁）
0~5	7 126	655	81.57	9.19
6~10	2 947	44	5.48	1.49
11~20	2 610	22	2.74	0.84
21~30	1 706	9	1.12	0.53
31~40	1 271	5	0.62	0.39
41~50	859	7	0.87	0.81
51~60	1 443	15	1.87	1.04
61~70	1 484	20	2.49	1.35
>70	2 557	26	3.24	1.02

地区	监测数（例）	阳性数（例）	阳性率（%）
达州市	3 210	266	8.29
成都市	2 797	152	5.43
攀枝花市	3 320	143	4.31
雅安市	3 148	123	3.91
自贡市	3 219	58	1.80
绵阳市	3 146	45	1.43
南充市	3 163	16	0.51
合计	22 003	803	3.65