热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 149-152,165.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.004

• 蚊媒传染病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市消除疟疾后防控能力调查分析

朱民(), 张宸罡, 王真瑜, 张耀光, 陈健, 余晴()   

  1. 上海市疾病预防控制中心（上海市预防医学科学院）， 上海 201107
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-21 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-07-31
  • 通信作者: 余晴，E-mail: yuqing_1@scdc.sh.cn
  • 作者简介:朱民，女，硕士，主任医师，研究方向：寄生虫病防治研究。E-mail: zhumin@scdc.sh.cn
  • 基金资助:
    上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025年）重点学科(GWⅥ-11.1-13);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025年）重点学科(GWⅥ-11.1-01);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025年）优秀学科带头人(GWⅥ-11.2-XD04)

Investigation and analysis on the prevention and control capacity following malaria elimination in Shanghai

ZHU Min(), ZHANG Chengang, WANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Yaoguang, CHEN Jian, YU Qing()   

  1. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Municipal Academy of Preventive Medicine), Shanghai 201107, China
  • Received:2026-01-21 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-07-31
  • Contact: YU Qing, E-mail: yuqing_1@scdc.sh.cn

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摘要：

目的 了解上海市消除疟疾后防控能力现状，为维持消除疟疾成果提供参考。方法 通过现场访谈和问卷调查方式，对上海市疾病预防控制机构（简称疾控机构）疟疾防治人员情况、医疗卫生机构疟疾防治知识知晓情况进行调查。收集2017—2025年上海市疟疾监测防治相关资料，对病例报告、诊治及应急响应能力等进行分析。结果 上海市疾控机构疟疾防治专业人员共有81名，以兼职人员为主（59人，占72.84%），有40人（占49.38%）从事疟疾防治年限不足5年。共调查84家二级及以上综合性医疗机构的840名疟疾防控相关人员，回收有效问卷835份，应答题数8 350题。疟疾防治知识总知晓率为94.07%（7 855/8 350），其中流行病学、临床诊治、预防控制和实验室检验知识的知晓率分别为93.85%（2 351/2 505）、95.33%（2 388/2 505）、92.34%（2 313/2 505）和96.17%（803/835），差异有统计学意义（χ2=27.442，P<0.05）。2017—2025年共报告疟疾病例371例，以恶性疟为主（302例，占81.40%）；危重病例占5.93%（22/371）、重症病例占69.27%（257/371）、轻症病例占24.80%（92/371）。初诊正确率为71.16%（264/371），其中市级为79.53%（136/171）、区级为74.10%（103/139）、其他级别为40.98%（25/61）。疟疾确诊时间为0~52 d，中位数为1（0, 3）d，1日内确诊率为60.65%（225/371）。报告病例治愈率为99.19%（368/371）。报告及时率、审核及时率、疫情处置有效率均为100.00%；2日内个案流调报告及时率为99.19%（368/371）；3日内疫点调查处置及时率为96.79%（241/249），所有报告病例均为境外输入，未发生继发传播。结论 上海市构建了有效的疟疾防控能力体系，继续维持消除疟疾状态，但仍需进一步深化医防融合，强化专业人员培训，完善患者救治保障机制。

关键词: 疟疾, 防控能力, 上海市

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current status of malaria prevention and control capacity in Shanghai after malaria elimination for reference for sustaining the elimination achievements. Methods By field interviews and questionnaire responses, we conducted a survey on the status of malaria practitioners in center for disease control and prevention (CDC) in Shanghai, as well as the awareness and knowledge towards malaria prevention and treatment among the employees in health institutions. The data related to malaria surveillance, prevention and control from 2017 to 2025 in Shanghai were collected to analyze the competence of the practitioners in case reporting, diagnosis and treatment, and emergency response capability of the institutions. Results In total, there were 81 malaria control professionals at the CDC in urban Shanghai, most of whom were part-time staff (n=59; 72.84%), and 40 (49.38%) had fewer than 5 years of experience in malaria prevention and control. A total of 840 malaria control?related personnel from 84 general hospitals at or above the second level were surveyed, with 835 valid questionnaires recovered and 8 350 questions answered. The overall awareness rate of malaria control knowledge was 94.07% (7 855/8 350). The awareness rates for epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control, and laboratory testing were 93.85% (2 351/2 505), 95.33% (2 388/2 505), 92.34% (2 313/2 505) and 96.17% (803/835), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=27.442, P<0.05). From 2017 to 2025, a total of 371 malaria cases were reported. The majority of the cases were associated with Plasmodium falciparum malaria (302 cases, 81.40%). Critical, severe and mild cases accounted for 5.93% (22/371), 69.27% (257/371), and 24.80% (92/371), respectively. The correct rate of initial diagnosis was 71.16% (264/371), in which 79.53% (136/171) occurred at the municipal-level institutions, 74.10% (103/139) at the district-level institutions, and 40.98% (25/61) at institutions of other levels. The time from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis ranged from 0 to 52 days, with a median of 1 (0, 3) day, and the rate of diagnosis within one day was 60.65% (225/371). The cure rate of reported cases was 99.19% (368/371). The timeliness rates for case reporting, case review, and epidemic response were all 100.00%. The rate of timely individual case investigation and reporting within 2 days was 99.19% (368/371), and the rate of timely investigation and response at the epidemic focus within 3 days was 96.79% (241/249). All reported cases were imported from overseas, and no secondary transmission occurred. Conclusion Shanghai has built an effective capacity system for malaria prevention and control, and continues to maintain its malaria-elimination status. Nevertheless, further efforts are needed to deepen the integration of medical treatment and disease prevention, strengthen personnel training, and optimize the guarantee mechanism for diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Key words: Malaria, Prevention and control capacity, Shanghai Municipality

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