热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 81-85.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.02.004

• 手足口病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2017—2023年吉林省手足口病流行特征及病原学结果分析

于欣桐1,2(), 赵庆龙1, 徐长喜1, 李美娜3()   

  1. 1.吉林省疾病预防控制中心（吉林省预防医学科学院），吉林长春 130062
    2.吉林省结核病防治科学研究院
    3.吉林大学白求恩第一医院
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-03
  • 通信作者: 李美娜，E-mail: limn@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:于欣桐，女，本科，医师，研究方向：传染病预防控制。E-mail: 245911287@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省卫生健康科技能力提升计划项目(2023GW008)

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of hand, foot and mouth disease in Jilin Province from 2017 to 2023

YU Xintong1,2(), ZHAO Qinglong1, XU Changxi1, LI Meina3()   

  1. 1. Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jilin Academy of Preventive Medicine), Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
    2. Jilin Scientific Research Institute of Tuberculosis Control
    3. The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University
  • Received:2024-08-13 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-03
  • Contact: LI Meina, E-mail: limn@jlu.edu.cn

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摘要：

目的 掌握吉林省手足口病流行特征及病原学特征，为科学防控提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2017—2023年吉林省手足口病病例及病原学相关资料，采用描述流行病学方法对疾病的三间分布和病原学特征进行分析。结果 2017—2023年，吉林省累计报告手足口病病例38 393例，年均报告发病率为21.36/10万；其中重症病例12例，无死亡病例。7—10月为流行季，累计报告病例31 659例（占82.46%）。男性报告病例数（22 887例）和年均报告发病率（25.33/10万）均高于女性（15 506例，17.35/10万），发病年龄主要集中在0~5岁（27 739例，占72.25%），职业分布上主要是散居儿童（15 535例，占40.46%）、幼托儿童（13 693例，占35.67%）和学生（8 533例，占22.23%）。全省各市（州）均有手足口病病例报告，病例数排名前3位的市（州）依次是长春市（10 994例，占28.64%）、吉林市（7 996例，占20.83%）和延边朝鲜族自治州（7 112例，占18.52%）。实验室确诊病例中，EV-A71型、CVA16型、其他肠道病毒分别占11.88%（496/4 174）、20.84%（870/4 174）、67.28%（2 808/4 174），EV-A71和CVA16构成比呈下降趋势，其他肠道病毒构成比呈上升趋势。结论 吉林省应针对重点人群和地区，在流行季实施综合性防控措施，降低人群手足口病发病风险。其他肠道病毒正逐步成为优势血清型，需要密切关注。

关键词: 手足口病, 流行特征, 病原学, 吉林省

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jilin Province for evidence in scientific prevention and control of this infection. Methods The data associated with HFMD cases and pathogen spectrum reported in Jilin Province from 2017 to 2023 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, population and regional distribution of the epidemic. Results In total, 38 393 cases of HFMD were reported in Jilin Province between 2017 and 2023. The average annual reported incidence rate was 21.36 per 100 000 population. Of the reported cases, 12 were severe infection, and no deaths. The epidemic seasons were in July and October, during which a cumulative 31 659 cases (82.46 percent) were reported. The number of reported cases (22 887 cases) and the average annual reported incidence rate (25.33/100 000) were higher for males than for females (15 506 cases, 17.35/100 000). The age of onset of the disease was mainly between 0 and 5 years (27 739 cases, 72.25%). The occupational distribution was dominated by children living at home (15 535 cases, 40.46%), children in nursery and kindergarten (13 693 cases, 35.67%) and students (8 533 cases, 22.23%). Cases of HFMD were reported in every city (prefecture) throughout the province. The top three cities (prefecture) by the number of cases reported were Changchun (10 994 cases, 28.64%), Jilin (7 996 cases, 20.83%) and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (7 112 cases, 18.52%). Laboratory studies indicated that EV-A71, CVA16 and other enteroviruses accounted for 11.88%, 20.84%, 67.28%, respectively. The proportion of EV-A71 and CVA16 showed a decreasing trend, while the composition of other enteroviruses was increasing trend. Conclusion Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be carried out in Jilin Province for the key population and key areas during high-incidence seasons of HFMD to reduce its prevalence in the population. Other enteroviruses are gradually becoming dominant serotypes and need close monitoring.

Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease, Epidemiological characteristic, Pathogen, Jilin Province

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