Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of the National Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Prevention and Control Project implemented in Sichuan Province for a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this infection in Sichuan Province. Methods From 2019 to 2023, Hejiang County and Leibo County in Sichuan Province were designated as pilot counties for the National Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Prevention and Control Project. Comprehensive control measures were implemented, including monitoring of human infections, health education, deworming medication, improvements in water supply and sanitation facilities, and capacity building for healthcare professionals. It should be noted that no human infection monitoring was conducted in Leibo County in 2019. The data, including population infection rate, health education coverage rate, awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge, coverage rate of drug deworming, sanitary toilet construction and safe drinking water as well as professional training rate, and the allocation rate of qualified laboratory personnel in township health centers, were collected and subjected to descriptive analysis. Results The average annual soil-transmitted nematode infection rate was 6.60% (330/5 000) in Hejiang County, decreasing from 9.30% in 2019 to 2.60% in 2023, showing an overall downward trend (χ^²_trend=96.62, P<0.001). The monitoring was carried out in Leibo County from 2020 to 2023, during which the average annual infection rate was 17.32% (695/4 013), and the highest in 2020 (31.00%) and lowest in 2021 (5.50%). The coverage in health education in Hejiang County and Leibo County was increased from 0.31% to 100.00%, and from 1.74% to 43.67%, respectively. The awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge among the residents in both counties showed a yearly increasing trend (χ^²_trend=102.87, χ^²_trend=60.59, both P<0.001), rising from 76.00% and 84.00% to 98.80% and 97.20%, respectively. The coverage rate of sanitary toilets and safe drinking water was continuously increased from 75.00% to 91.10% and maintained by 100.00% after 2020 in Hejiang County, and remained over 96.88% and at 100.00% in Leibo County. The training rate of professional personnel in both counties reached 100.00%. The allocation rate of qualified laboratory personnel was 100.00% in Hejiang County, and increased from 10.64% in 2019 to 57.14% in 2023 in Leibo County. For the coverage rate of deworming medication among key populations, Hejiang County was at 85.59%, and Leibo County at 87.74%. Conclusion The project for the prevention and control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Sichuan Province has achieved good results in the pilot counties, and is worthy of further promotion. 

Key words: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis, Integrated control, Effect evaluation, Sichuan Province